Daniel Nicol Dunlop

Daniel Nicol Dunlop was born on December 28, 1868 in Kilmarnock, Scotland. After the early death of his mother, he spent his childhood with his grandfather on the Isle of Arran, whose many standing stones are reminiscent of megalithic culture.
In Dublin, the 18-year-old met his partner Eleanor Fitzpatrick, the painter-poet George William Russell (AE) and W. B. Yeats. At “Ely Place”, a special kind of theosophical working and living community develops. D. N. Dunlop publishes the Irish Theosophist with Russell.
After a two-year stay in America, which opened up D. N. Dunlop’s actual external field of life in the electricity industry, he worked mainly in London until his death in 1935.
In 1911 he founded the British Electrical and Allied Manufacturers Association (BRAMA), an association of manufacturers and technicians, and in 1924 the first World Power Conference, now the World Energy Council (www.worldenergy.org), which was intended as a precursor to a permanent world economic conference.
Parallel to his far-sighted professional activities, Dunlop worked tirelessly for the theosophical and then the anthroposophical cause. After his meeting with Rudolf Steiner in 1922, he organized the summer schools in Penmaenmawr and Torquay, and in 1928 the only anthroposophical world conference to date (in London). He formed deep friendships with E. C. Merry, W. J. Stein, Ludwig Polzer-Hoditz, George Adams and Ita Wegman. In 1930 he became General Secretary of the Anthroposophical Society of Great Britain and was expelled from the General Anthroposophical Society along with many others in 1935. He died in London on May 30, 1935.
Dunlop was a brilliant organizer. He gave many lectures in his early years and wrote numerous articles and several books. After his encounter with Rudolf Steiner’s spiritual science, he worked more and more behind the scenes. He wanted to support others and guide them to the best place for their work. Thus he was active as a practical occultist who knew himself to be deeply connected with the great mystery currents of humanity and who was already acting at the beginning of the century with a view to the end of the century.
D. N. Dunlop can be seen as the inspirer of a world economy of the 21st century as well as of all forms of spiritual communities that want to build on true individualism.













Laurence Oliphant

Laurence Oliphant gehört zu den großen, heute vergessenen Gestalten des 19. Jahrhunderts, ja der neueren Kulturgeschichte überhaupt. Er wurde am 3. August 1829 in Kapstadt geboren und starb am 23. Dezember 1888 in Twickenham bei London. Oliphant verbrachte einen Teil seiner Jugend in Ceylon (Sri Lanka), wo er Sekretär seines Vaters wurde, der in Colombo als Kronanwalt wirkte. Er bereiste Nepal, Russland, China, Japan, Nord- und Südamerika, zumeist in diplomatischer Mission. Er wurde selbst Anwalt, Abgeordneter im Parlament und arbeitete als Kriegsberichterstatter für die Times. Oliphant war mit fast allen Persönlichkeiten des öffentlichen Lebens bekannt. Als die Türen zum weltlichen Erfolg ganz offen standen, zog er sich in die Kommune des Swedenborgianers Thomas Lake Harris zurück, um gründlich an sich selbst zu arbeiten. Danach sorgte er, zusammen mit seiner Frau Alice, für die erste Besiedelung Palästinas durch jüdische Exilanten aus Osteuropa. Er lernte Hebräisch und Arabisch und förderte die erste Eisenbahnverbindung von Haifa nach Damaskus. Oliphant wurde der erste praktische Zionist und baute alles auf die Idee friedlicher Koexistenz mit der arabischen Bevölkerung auf. Nach dem Tode von Alice (1886) wollte er mit seiner zweiten Frau – Rosamond Dale Owen, einer Enkelin des Utopisten Robert Owen – das Palästinaprojekt weiterführen. Laurence Oliphant hinterließ rund 20 Werke; Romane, Reisebeschreibungen und Werke mystisch-spirituellen Charakters. Ein Jahr vor seinem Tod veröffentlichte er seine bedeutende Autobiographie Episodes in a Life of Adventure. Er starb wenige Monate nach seiner Heirat mit Rosamond im Alter von 59 Jahren an Lungenkrebs.












Rudolf Steiner

Rudolf Steiner (February 27, 1861 – March 30, 1925) studied natural sciences in Vienna and became the editor of Goethe’s Natural Scientific Writings. He created an epistemology of Goethe’s world view, in which he refuted Kant’s views, which still have an impact today; his doctoral thesis Truth and Science followed in 1891. His work The Philosophy of Freedom, published in 1894, demonstrates the spiritual-objective character of thought and establishes the cognitive and ethical autonomy of the human being. According to Steiner himself, this work contains the seeds for the spiritual science later known as anthroposophy. Due to the development of mental and spiritual organs of perception (see, among other things, How do you gain knowledge of the higher worlds?), this also includes the areas of the supersensible in the field of scientific research.
Steiner wrote around 30 works and gave over 6000 lectures.
Among other things, he spoke about the background to current events and pointed out the broad lines of Roman and Western politics. In 1919, he campaigned for the publication of Helmuth von Moltke’s notes in order to prevent a declaration of sole guilt against Germany, as was then enshrined in the Treaty of Versailles. He pointed out the alternative to the disintegrating nation state and had corresponding memoranda sent to the German and Austrian governments by students.
Steiner’s work within the Theosophical and later the Anthroposophical Society was aimed at systematically expanding the spiritual science he had founded. This not only stimulated the traditional sciences, but also led to the creation of the new art of movement, eurythmy, and to new impulses for social life (social threefolding). Pedagogy, agriculture and medicine as well as religious life also received completely new impulses, which gained increasing recognition in the 20th century. Rudolf Steiner developed a path of knowledge that allowed every human being to find a free, rational relationship to the real, spiritual world. Long before the “esoteric” New Age movement, he thus responded to a basic spiritual need of modern humanity in a way that corresponds to Western civilization, which is one-sidedly shaped by natural science and technology.